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Neuron

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Neuron publishes ground-breaking research papers, reviews & commentary across neuroscience and is a premier intellectual forum for the neuroscience community.

https://www.cell.com/neuron/home

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    Neuron @cp-neuron.bsky.social

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    Gu et al. showed that in rats fed a high-salt diet, reactive microglia accumulate around vasopressin-secreting neurons, phagocytosing astrocytic elements and pruning astrocytes. This causes glutamate spillover, increased neuronal activity, and excessive vasopressin release, contributing to salt-induced hypertension. The study reveals a novel mechanism by which microglia regulate synaptic transmission and neuronal activity through structural remodeling of astrocytes in the adult brain.

    Microglia regulate neuronal activity via structural remodeling of astrocytes

    Gu et al. showed that in rats fed a high-salt diet, reactive microglia accumulate around vasopressin-secreting neurons, phagocytosing astrocytic elements and pruning astrocytes. This causes glutamate spillover, increased neuronal activity, and excessive vasopressin release, contributing to salt-induced hypertension. The study reveals a novel mechanism by which microglia regulate synaptic transmission and neuronal activity through structural remodeling of astrocytes in the adult brain.
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    Yuan et al. combine deep brain stimulation with neural activity monitoring to optimize stimulation parameters for the anterior cingulate cortex. They show that inhibitory DBS produces rapid, long-lasting antidepressant-like effects and suppresses mood-regulating networks, offering a circuit-based blueprint for optimizing neuromodulation therapies.

    Optimized deep brain stimulation for anterior cingulate cortex inhibition produces antidepressant-like effects in mice

    Yuan et al. combine deep brain stimulation with neural activity monitoring to optimize stimulation parameters for the anterior cingulate cortex. They show that inhibitory DBS produces rapid, long-lasting antidepressant-like effects and suppresses mood-regulating networks, offering a circuit-based blueprint for optimizing neuromodulation therapies.
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    Chadwick et al. report that intermittent fasting sensitizes leptin signaling in sensory neurons supporting regeneration. This contrasts with a high-fat diet that induces leptin resistance and neuropathy. Leptin promotes regeneration after a spinal cord and sciatic nerve injury via an endocrine or autocrine mechanism by enhancing cAMP and transcription.

    Dietary-dependent sensitization of neuronal leptin signaling promotes neural repair after injury via cAMP and gene transcription

    Chadwick et al. report that intermittent fasting sensitizes leptin signaling in sensory neurons supporting regeneration. This contrasts with a high-fat diet that induces leptin resistance and neuropathy. Leptin promotes regeneration after a spinal cord and sciatic nerve injury via an endocrine or autocrine mechanism by enhancing cAMP and transcription.
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    Fei et al. observe enriched motion selectivity in colliculogeniculate boutons in the mouse primary visual thalamus. These collicular boutons often share visual preferences with nearby retinal boutons. Silencing collicular input suppresses visual responses and reduces motion selectivity in thalamic neurons, indicating the significant roles of non-retinal input in shaping thalamic visual representation.

    Coordination of distinct sources of excitatory inputs enhances motion selectivity in the mouse visual thalamus

    Fei et al. observe enriched motion selectivity in colliculogeniculate boutons in the mouse primary visual thalamus. These collicular boutons often share visual preferences with nearby retinal boutons. Silencing collicular input suppresses visual responses and reduces motion selectivity in thalamic neurons, indicating the significant roles of non-retinal input in shaping thalamic visual representation.
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    Bukwich and Campbell et al. show that mice integrate elapsed time and reward intake, scaled by a latent patience variable, to decide when to leave virtual “patches.” Frontal cortex ramping activity matches the integration process, revealing a potential mechanism for how the brain converts dynamic evidence into value-based foraging decisions.

    Competitive integration of time and reward explains value-sensitive foraging decisions and frontal cortex ramping dynamics

    Bukwich and Campbell et al. show that mice integrate elapsed time and reward intake, scaled by a latent patience variable, to decide when to leave virtual “patches.” Frontal cortex ramping activity matches the integration process, revealing a potential mechanism for how the brain converts dynamic evidence into value-based foraging decisions.
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    Hollis, Sharma, et al. examine cell-type-specific diurnal rhythms in control and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-affected human brains. They find that AD preserves core clock function but disrupts output rhythms, especially in ribosomal and oxidative phosphorylation genes. In mice, circadian stress adds to AD pathology to further reduce ribosomal components and translational capacity.

    Reconstructed cell-type-specific rhythms in human brain link Alzheimer’s pathology, circadian stress, and ribosomal disruption

    Hollis, Sharma, et al. examine cell-type-specific diurnal rhythms in control and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-affected human brains. They find that AD preserves core clock function but disrupts output rhythms, especially in ribosomal and oxidative phosphorylation genes. In mice, circadian stress adds to AD pathology to further reduce ribosomal components and translational capacity.
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