Also from the ONS
For the year ending December 2024, net migration was 431,000, nearly half the previous year’s figure of 860,000
The decline reflects reduced inflows: immigration dropped from ~1.326 million in 2023 to 948,000 in 2024, while emigration rose to 517,000
.../
As of mid‑2025, net migration remains lower than 2023 levels but still far above long-term norms from the 2010s
There are early signs in 2025 of further declines, driven by stricter policies on student and care-worker visas, but final figures for the year are pending.
And of course it was much much lower pre-Brexit.
